Digital Electronics
Module Content
Introduction: Differences, advantages and disadvantages of analogue and digital systems. Waveforms, Pulse definition. Basic System Functions. |
Number Systems: Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems. Conversions between number systems. Negative numbers - sign & magnitude, 1’s & 2’s complements. Arithmetic operations using 2’s complement representation. |
Logic Gates: Basic gates – NOT, Buffer, OR, AND, NAND, NOR,XOR and XNOR. Gate symbols, truth tables & Boolean operations, Universal gates. Boolean Algebra Theorems. Minterm, maxterm, Standard SOP and POS and simplified representations of Boolean functions. Conversion of AND-OR to NAND-NAND & OR-AND to NOR-NOR. De Morgan equivalent circuits. |
Digital Logic Families: Characteristics of digital integrated circuits - fan-in, fan-out, propagation delay, noise margin, power dissipation and packaging density. Implementation technologies - TTL vs CMOS |
Combinational Logic Analysis:
Simplification of Boolean functions using Karnaugh map technique for 2 to 4 variables. Combinational Logic Design. |
Functions of Combinatorial Logic: Multiplexers, multiplexer expansion. Decoders & demultiplexers, decoder expansion. Encoder, priority encoder, BCD-to-7-segment decoder. Implementation of logic functions using multiplexers and decoders. Adders - half-adder, full-adder, ripple adder. Comparators. |
Latches, Flip-Flops and Timer: Differences between combinational and sequential circuits. SR, Gated SR, Gated D latches, JK, D, T, JK master-slave flip-flop. |
Counters: Synchronous and asynchronous counters - ripple counter, design of a synchronous counter using D flip-flops. Shift Registers: Register - shift registers (SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO), shift register counters (Johnson and Ring). |
Memory & Storage:
RAMs, ROMs, PROMs, EPROMs & EEPROMs, Flash memories. |